TLR4 signals via MyD88 and TRIF to activate proinflammatory cytokine and type I interferon responses. Karin and colleagues show that different ubiquitination of TRAF3 via K48 or K63 dictates the ...

Disruption of endocytosis abolished the TRAM–TRIF-dependent phosphorylation of interferon-regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), a component of the pathway that leads to the production of type I ...