This valuable study uses zebrafish as a model to reveal a role for the cell cycle protein kinase CDK2 as a negative regulator of type I interferon signaling. The evidence supporting the authors' ...

Heterogeneity in the cellular microenvironment in vivo affects the variability of reactivity among immune cells. Individual-specific microenvironmental differences play a crucial role in determining ...

They mediate the signaling either by the TIRAP-MyD88 complex or by the TRAM-TRIF complex. The MyD88 pathway is common to all other TLRs, whereas the TRAM-TRIF complex is largely exclusive to TLR4.