that would have benefited from verification by experiments with MyD88- or TLR4-deficient cells. We therefore favor our conclusion that stimulation of TLRs by agonists present on the internalized ...

Introduction: Sepsis, a life-threatening condition arising from an uncontrolled immune response to infection, can lead to organ dysfunction, with severe inflammation potentially causing multiple organ ...

They detect pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), such as viral RNA or bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS), and initiate downstream signaling through adaptor proteins like MyD88 or TRIF.