TRIF acts as a scaffold to signalling components that feed into the IFN-regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) or nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathways, resulting in the transcriptional activation of IFNβ.

TRIF also promotes the TRAF3-dependent activation of the ... Therefore, the detailed mechanisms of how these polyubiquitin chains activate the kinase complex during TLR signaling pathway activation ...

Conclusions Intestinal epithelial TRAF6-dependent but MyD88/TRIF-independent and, thus, TLR-independent signalling pathways are critical for preventing propagation of DSS-induced colon inflammation by ...

In this review, we first introduce the role of the ubiquitination system in the TLR/RLR mediated innate immune pathway ... signaling molecules NF-κB and IRF3 in TLR signaling requires ...

Targeting mitochondrial retrograde signaling may therefore be promising in the treatment or prevention of metabolic disorders ...

Alcohol use disorder, which affects over 10% of Americans, can lead to persistent and serious insomnia. Difficulties falling ...

Research in fruit flies has identified specific groups of cholinergic brain cells that are involved in alcohol-induced insomnia. This work could ultimately lead to targeted treatments for ...

the mechanisms of action and patterns of interaction of these factors remain controversial. This article summarizes some of the known aspects of signaling pathways involved in apoptosis.

7 refine our understanding of the signaling effects of oncogenic KRAS. Rather than activating multiple effectors, mutant KRAS signals preferentially through the RAF–MEK–ERK pathway ...

New research by scientists at the American Museum of Natural History and the University of Nebraska-Lincoln reports, for the ...

The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine are private, nonprofit institutions that provide expert advice on some of the most pressing challenges facing the nation and world. Our ...

GOVERNOR MAURA HEALEY RECENTLY SIGNED IT INTO LAW AS THE PHYSICIAN PATHWAY ACT. A BUSY PRIMARY CARE DOCTOR TAKES CARE OF 1500 TO UP TO 2000 PATIENTS, SO JUST EVEN ONE PERSON GO INTO A COMMUNITY ...