Goodness-of-fit testing forms a fundamental pillar in statistical methodology, providing robust tools to assess whether observed data conform to a proposed probability distribution.

Donald W. Zimmerman, Invalidation of Parametric and Nonparametric Statistical Tests by Concurrent Violation of Two Assumptions, The Journal of Experimental Education, Vol. 67, No. 1 (Fall, 1998), pp.

Although efficiency robust tests are preferred for genetic association studies when the genetic model is unknown, their statistical properties have been studied for different study designs separately ...