Whether it’s wired or wireless, most data communications today happens by way of packets of information travelling over one or more networks. But before these networks can work ...

A tutorial on the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) networking reference model plus tips on how to memorize the seven layers.

In this two-part series, we'll provide a different view of the OSI model, showing how the layers are interconnected and what protocol services are available at each level. In Part 1, we'll provide a ...

When troubleshooting network issues it’s helpful to understand if the issue is occurring at Layer 2 or Layer 3 of the OSI model.