From the Summer 2003 issue of The News Media & The Law, page 11. Most courts adjudicating product disparagement lawsuits have assumed that the legal element known as “actual malice” — a constitutional ...

By Pravin Bowry Ever heard of a creature of law called ‘malice aforethought’? Absence or presence of malice aforethought is the only differentiating legal ingredient between the offences of ...

he fails to respond to the mountain of case law, including from the Fourth Circuit, establishing that political motive cannot provide a sufficient basis for actual malice,” according to CNN’s ...