Knot theory is a branch of topology that has surprisingly practical applications, such as understanding how proteins coil DNA and how molecular structures remain stable. The theory’s central question: ...

A complex number comprises a real number plus an imaginary number, which is a multiple of the square root of -1. While the mathematics of complex numbers underlies modern quantum theory, it is also ...

Kinetic theory and mathematical modeling have emerged as indispensable tools for elucidating the collective behaviour of complex systems.