A p-value of 0.05 or lower is generally considered statistically significant. P-value can serve as an alternative to—or in addition to—preselected confidence levels for hypothesis testing.

I would like to respond to a recent letter by Mr. Robert Lem regarding Superintendent Critchfield’s characterization of Idaho’s 2025 ISAT results. Mr. Lem writes: ...

A mathematical ritual known as null hypothesis significance testing has led researchers astray since the 1950s.