In their Hopelessness Theory, Abramson, Metalsky, and Alloy (1989) and Abramson, Alloy, Hankin, Haeffel, MacCoon, and Gibb (2002) report that this sense of having no hope for the future comes from ...
Hopelessness refers to a state of complete lack of optimism or belief in our ability to respond to a situation. Researchers theorize that when we frequently expect to encounter bad outcomes, and we ...
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