This article shows by various examples how consumers of statistical information may be confused when this information is presented in terms of conditional probabilities. It also shows how this ...

We propose a group sequential method based on the sequential conditional probability ratio test and show that it has the conservatism desired in practice. We also propose calculating the discordant ...

Explain why probability is important to statistics and data science. See the relationship between conditional and independent events in a statistical experiment. Calculate the expectation and variance ...