Short apneic episodes [defined as a respiratory pause of at least 3 s (1,2)] are common respiratory events in premature neonates, with an incidence of 25% in infants weighing <2500 g at birth and 84% ...

Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS) patients exhibit respiratory deficits to ventilatory challenges, diminished breathing drive during sleep, and reduction of respiratory-related heart ...

Apnea, the absence of breathing, is the most frequently reported disorder of breathing control in premature infants, and neonatal care units habitually use methylxanthine derivatives such as caffeine ...

An understanding of exactly how the brain controls breathing is fundamental to the treatment of respiratory disorders. We know that breathing is an automatic rhythmic process that persists without ...