The array method is a way of calculating multiplication with large numbers. It is set out by splitting each number in the calculation in to tens and ones.

WATCH: How to visualise multiplication with an array An array is a way of visualising a calculation. See how to use one to solve multiplication in this Bitesize KS3 maths video.

However, the traditional incoherent matrix-vector multiplication method focuses on real-valued operations and does not work well in complex-valued neural networks and discrete Fourier transforms.